Chitosan derivatives have gained significant interest as effective adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals due to outstanding characteristics such as the presence of amino and hydroxyl groups, non-toxicity, low cost and available in large quantities. In this present study, chitosan was degraded into two kinds of low molecular weight chitosan (CS₈ and CS₁₁), modified with pyruvic acid (PA), and then cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GLA) to obtain cross-linked low molecular weight chitosan pyruvic acid derivatives (CS₈PA-GLA and CS₁₁PA-GLA). The prepared CS₈PA-GLA and CS₁₁PA-GLA were characterized with Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric / Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TG/DSC), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) methods. From all the characterization methods, the prepared sorbents exhibited excellent characteristics for heavy metal removal. The thermodynamic studies using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) also indicated that the nature of nickel sorption was spontaneous and the binding of nickel onto the sorbent was enthalpically favoured.

Average is the vital concept and averaging is the vital tool of most of the statistical measures. A number of definitions/formulations of average are available to be used in different situations. On the other hand, it is possible to construct more and more definitions/formulations of average by a single technique. One such technique has been introduced here for construction of definition/formulation of average. A number of definitions/formulations of average have been derived from the technique introduced. This paper describes the technique introduced and the derivations of a number of definitions/formulations of average.">

To prevent secondary accidents and reduce fatalities, quick detection of incidents crashes, roadworks, debris, stopped vehicles, and so on the road has been strongly emphasized in advanced traffic management and/or traveler information systems in the past several decades. A new simple but robust incident detection algorithm was proposed to overcome the difficulties in parameter calibration and lack of transferability of calibrated parameters in previous techniques. The developed algorithm was evaluated with real-world data collected on a freeway in the vicinity of Seoul, Korea. Proposed algorithm was applied to occupancy and speed data and the results showed satisfactory performance

In this project I will done the wireless noise pollution controlling it will be based on suggestion work when the bike horn sound noise coming pollution measuring using wire-less sensor network .at the based on measuring devices hydrometer based on the graph shown approximation. We enable citizens to measure their personal exposure to noise in their everyday environment by using GPS-equipped mobile phones as noise sensors. The geo-localised measures and user-generated meta-data. While environmental issues keep gaining increasing attention from the public opinion and policy makers, several ex-periments demonstrated the feasibility of wireless sensor net-works to be used in a large variety of environmental controlling applications. Focusing on the assessment of environmental noise pollution in urban areas, we provide qualitative considerations and preliminary experimental results that motivate and encourage the use of wireless sensor net-works in this context. The sensor software is based on a multi-agent structure that is composed of three components: management, application control, and communication agents; a service interface, which provides applications the abstraction of sensor hardware and other components; and an application layer protocol. On the other hand, the annoyance response of public exposed to bike noise was assessed through the appropriate psychometric-based questionnaire-type social survey conducted. Although many recent studies have focused on the development of new applications for wireless sensor networks, less attention has been paid to knowledge-based sensor nodes. The objective of this work is the development in a real network of a new distributed system in which every sensor node can execute a set of applications, such as fuzzy ruled-base systems, measures, and actions. The results show the effectiveness of the communication protocol and that the proposed system is suitable for a wide range of applications at the controlling of noise pollution wire-less sensor network.

Trade and business opportunities have grown rapidly, drawing people from all over India to invest in Jaipur. Jaipur has recently developed as another nation's business center and large multinationals are investing here in setting up their companies. In pursuit of work and a better lifestyle, people from small villages and towns move to larger cities. Jaipur is one of those cities where people like to move to, and thus continue to greatly increase the city's population. Jaipur provides great educational facilities, and this is also one of migration's reasons. All these migrants are contributing to the city's overall population. A better understanding of the characteristics of these migrants is very important for the planning of different elements of the city. It is essential to study some of the basic characteristics of migrants in order to analyze the determinants and consequences of migration.